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Statutes of Casimir the Great
Statutes of Casimir the Great or Piotrków-Wiślica Statutes ((ポーランド語:Statuty wiślicko-piotrkowskie)) - a collection of laws issued by Casimir III the Great, the king of Poland, in the years 1346-1362 during congresses in Piotrków and Wiślica. It was the first and the only significant codification of laws during the times of the Piast dynasty.
==Background==
In the middle of the 12th century, following the ill-thought testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty, his sons begun the process of fragmentation of Poland.〔pg 369 - 〕 It would take Polish rulers over two centuries to unite most of the lands that Bolesław controlled under one ruler. This was achieved in the 14th century by Władysław I Łokietek. Władysław's son, Casimir III the Great, earned his singular reputation not through military exploits but through his acumen as a builder, administrator and diplomat. One of his project included an attempt to unify and codify law in the lands he controlled, in the attempt to build stronger ties between different provinces, and to tie them more tightly to the central government.〔 (Kazimierz III Wielki ), PWN Encyklopedia〕〔 (Kazimierz III Wielki ), Encyklopedia WIEM〕
In the end, due to opposition from various factions, which saw the codification and unification of the legal system in the Kingdom of Poland as weakening their position, Casimir was not able to fully accomplish his task. He was nonetheless able to do so in two major provinces of Poland. The Piotrków statute regulated the law in Greater Poland (Wielkopolska), and the Wiślica statute in Lesser Poland (Małopolska).〔 (Statuty Kazimierza Wielkiego ), WIEM Encyklopedia〕
The date specific statutes were passed is not certain; it is accepted that most work was done in the years 1346-1362, that it took multiple congresses (wiec), and that both statutes were finished by 1362.〔Stanisław Kutrzeba, ''(Franciszek Piekosiński jako historyk prawa polskiego )'', in: Kwartalnik historyczny, Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, Lwów, Instytut Historii (Polska Akademia Nauk), 1908〕 Further, historians now agree that the Statutes were partially written after the death of Casimir, and later the entire work was incorrectly attributed to him.〔 Wacław Uruszczak, (STATUTY KAZIMIERZA WIELKIEGO JAKO ŹRÓDŁO PRAWA POLSKIEGO )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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